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Adult ADHD is a continuation of the neurodevelopmental disorder commonly identified in childhood, characterized by persistent issues with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. However, in adults, these symptoms often manifest differently, impacting their professional life, relationships, and overall well-being.
Types of ADHD
ADHD is typically categorized into three types, based on the predominant symptomatology:
Common Symptoms of ADHD
Challenges Faced by Adults with ADHD
Traditional Treatment for ADHD
How Accelerated TMS Can Help in Treating ADHD
While not a traditional treatment method for ADHD, Accelerated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is being explored as a potential therapy. TMS involves non-invasive magnetic stimulation of brain regions involved in attention and impulse control.
Potential Benefits of Accelerated TMS for ADHD
"Desperate and struggling, my therapist recommended TMS. With an open mind and cautious optimism, I tried it. In just five days, my anxiety improved significantly. The clinic staff was fantastic, offering counseling and education on anxiety. The whole experience, including aftercare and follow-up, made a huge difference. I wholeheartedly recommend Accelerated TMS at Kind Health Group. Thank you, Dr. Nanos, and your amazing team"
Chen, Y. H., Liang, S. C., Sun, C. K., Cheng, Y. S., Tzang, R., Chiu, H. J., Wang, M. Y., Cheng, Y. C., & Hung, K. C. (2023). A meta-analysis on the therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for cognitive functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 23, 756. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05261-2
Abstract Summary: This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the therapeutic efficacies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for improving cognitive functions in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS for improving cognitive functions assessed by standardized tasks in patients with ADHD. The meta-analysis included five RCTs with 189 participants and demonstrated that rTMS was more effective for improving sustained attention in patients with ADHD compared with control groups. Secondary analysis also showed that rTMS was more effective for improving processing speed but not for enhancing memory or executive function. The results support the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS for improving sustained attention and processing speed in patients with ADHD. However, the limited available data warrant further studies to verify these findings.
Alyagon, U., Shahar, H., Hadar, A., Barnea-Ygael, N., Lazarovits, A., Shalev, H., & Zangen, A. (2020). Alleviation of ADHD symptoms by non-invasive right prefrontal stimulation is correlated with EEG activity. NeuroImage. Clinical, 26, 102206.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102206
Abstract Summary: The study evaluates the efficacy of targeting the right prefrontal cortex (rPFC) with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat clinical symptoms in adults suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Given the implication of rPFC abnormality in ADHD neuropathology, the study aimed to modulate neuronal excitability, activity, and plasticity in a non-invasive manner using rTMS. Forty-three drug-free adults with ADHD underwent three weeks of daily high-frequency (18 Hz) stimulation sessions and were randomized into Real, Active Control, or Sham treatment groups. The study found that Real treatment was safe and resulted in significant improvement of symptoms. Additionally, an EEG-based biomarker composed of the Alpha and Low-gamma power was established within the first treatment session, which highly correlated with the magnitude of clinical outcome. The results indicate the safety and effectiveness of rTMS directed to the rPFC for the treatment of adult ADHD patients, suggesting the biomarker reflects the responsiveness of the cortex to this rTMS intervention. The study represents a potential step towards a non-pharmacological treatment for adults with ADHD using EEG-based selection of patients.
Bleich-Cohen, M., Gurevitch, G., & Ash, E. (2021). A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of prefrontal cortex deep transcranial magnetic stimulation efficacy in adults with attention deficit/hyperactive disorder: A double blind, randomized clinical trial. NeuroImage: Clinical, 30, 102670.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102670
Abstract Summary: This study examined the clinical, cognitive, and neural effects of deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) to the prefrontal cortex in adults with ADHD using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The study included 62 adults with ADHD in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. While primary endpoints did not show improvement, significant improvements were observed in certain sub-scales and increased activations in specific brain regions during working-memory conditions after treatment in the right stimulation group.
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